Thin boundaries: People with thin boundaries are more prone to DRC than people with thick boundaries, and people with BPD tend to have thin boundaries ( Hartmann, 2011). Cognitive disturbances: Many BPD patients experience various cognitive disturbances, including problems with reality testing ( Fiqueierdo, 2006 Mosquera et al., 2011), which can foster DRC. Negative dream content: People with BPD have nightmares more often than other people ( Semiz et al., 2008) dreams that are more likely to be confused with reality tend to be more realistic and unpleasant, and are reflected in waking behavior ( Rassin et al., 2001). Dissociation: nearly two-thirds of people with BPD experience dissociative symptoms ( Korzekwa and Pain, 2009) and dissociative symptoms are correlated with a fantasy proneness both dissociative symptoms and fantasy proneness are related to DRC ( Giesbrecht and Merckelbach, 2006). Sleep disturbances: problems with sleep are found in 15–95.5% of people with BPD ( Hafizi, 2013), and unstable sleep and wake cycles, which occur in BPD ( Fleischer et al., 2012), are linked to DRC. Several variables related to this hypothesis were identified through a theoretical analysis of the scientific literature. It is hypothesized that people with BPD are more likely to experience DRC compared to people in non-clinical population. This paper presents an analysis of dream-reality confusion (DRC) in relation to the characteristics of borderline personality disorder (BPD), based on research findings and theoretical considerations. Unit of Sleep Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. Dagna Skrzypińska and Barbara Szmigielska *
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